If you are looking to raise the level of carotenoids (carotenes) in your body, supplements are a viable option. If you are looking for the health benefits associated with carotenoids, foods containing carotenes/carotenoids is a preferred option whenever possible because of the synergistic value of the other nutrients contained in the foods. People consuming diets rich in carotenoids from natural foods, such as fruits and vegetables, are healthier and have lower mortality from a number of chronic illnesses. Supplementing carotenoids/carotenes is an attempt to accomplish the same effect but it has yet to be completely proven effective. However, because they do not need to be released from the plant matrix, carotenoid supplements are more efficiently absorbed than carotenoids in foods. Carotenoid absorption requires the presence of fat (~3-5gms). Carotenes are efficient free-radical scavengers, thus have a protective function in both animals and plants. Carotenoids facilitate intercellular communication by increasing the expression of the gene encoding a connexin protein. This type of intercellular communication is important for maintaining cells in a differentiated state and is often lost in cancer cells. Recently, high circulating levels of carotenoids have demonstrated an inverse relationship with common disease. Listed below are the carotenoids with the most supporting research: Alpha-Carotene: is present in cell membranes. Recently, the intake of alpha-carotene has been associated with a lower risk for breast and lung cancers and may offer protection against colorectal and prostate cancers, coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke. Lutein/Zeaxanthin: are the only carotenoids found in the human eye, predominately in the macula of the retina. The macula is responsible for central vision and acuity. Clinical trials clearly show that supplementation with lutein and/or zeaxanthin increases macular pigmentation. Lutein and zeaxanthin may protect against eye diseases such as cataract formation and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) the leading cause of vision loss in the United States. Lycopene: the most effective carotenoid at quenching the free radical singlet oxygen. Conclusions from a growing collection of placebo-controlled trials suggest that consumption of lycopene (either as a dietary supplement or in the form of processed tomatoes) can reduce DNA damage and may have beneficial effects on prostate cancer.